Amavalvu okulawula ama-hydraulic asetshenziselwa ukulawula ingcindezi, ukugeleza kanye nokugeleza kokuqondisa kukawoyela ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic ukuze i-thrust, isivinini kanye nendlela yokunyakaza ye-actuator ihlangabezane nezidingo. Ngokusho kwemisebenzi yabo, ama-valve okulawula amanzi ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: ama-valve aqondisayo, ama-valve okucindezela kanye nama-flow valves.

I-valve yokulawula isiqondiso

I-valve eqondisayo iyi-valve esetshenziselwa ukulawula isiqondiso sokugeleza kukawoyela. Ihlukaniswe yaba i-valve yendlela eyodwa kanye ne-valve ehlehlisayo ngokohlobo.

Izinhlobo zama-valve okuqondisayo zimi kanje:

(1) I-valve yendlela eyodwa (i-valve yokuhlola)

I-valve yendlela eyodwa iyi-valve eqondisayo elawula ukugeleza kwamafutha ohlangothini olulodwa futhi ayikuvumeli ukugeleza okubuyela emuva. Ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-valve yebhola kanye nohlobo lwe-valve ye-poppet ngokuya ngesakhiwo somgogodla we-valve, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 8-17.

Umfanekiso 8-18(b) ubonisa ivalvu yokuhlola i-poppet. Isimo sokuqala se-valve ukuthi umgogodla we-valve ucindezelwa kancane esihlalweni se-valve ngaphansi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, njengoba ingcindezi emshinini kawoyela ongenayo i-P ikhula, inqoba ingcindezi yasentwasahlobo futhi iphakamise i-valve core, ibangele ukuthi i-valve ivuleke futhi ixhume umjikelezo kawoyela, ukuze uwoyela ugeleze usuka endaweni yokungena uwoyela futhi uphume uphuma uwoyela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho umfutho kawoyela endaweni yokukhipha uwoyela uphakeme kunomfutho kawoyela endaweni yokungena uwoyela, umfutho kawoyela ucindezela umgogodla wevalvu ngokuqinile ngokumelene nesihlalo se-valve, uvimbele umzila kawoyela. Umsebenzi we-spring ukusiza uwoyela wokubuyela emuva uqinise i-valve port lapho i-valve ivaliwe ukuqinisa uphawu.

(2) I-valve yokuqondisa

I-valve ehlehlisayo isetshenziselwa ukushintsha indlela yokugeleza kawoyela ukuze kushintshwe indlela yokuhamba yendlela yokusebenza. Isebenzisa i-valve core ukuhambisa ngokuhlobene nomzimba we-valve ukuvula noma ukuvala umjikelezo kawoyela ohambisanayo, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule isimo sokusebenza sesistimu ye-hydraulic. Uma umgogodla we-valve kanye nomzimba we-valve usendaweni ehlobene ekhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 8-19, amagumbi amabili esilinda esidonsa amanzi avinjwe kuwoyela ocindezelayo futhi asesimweni sokuvala shaqa. Uma amandla asuka kwesokudla aye kwesokunxele asetshenziswa kumongo wevalvu ukuyihambisa kwesokunxele, izimbobo zikawoyela u-P no-A kumzimba wamavalvu axhunyiwe, futhi u-B no-T axhunyiwe. Amafutha okucindezela angena ekamelweni elingakwesokunxele le-cylinder ye-hydraulic ngokusebenzisa i-P no-A, futhi i-piston iya kwesokudla; Amafutha asemgodini abuyela ethangini lamafutha ngo-B no-T.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma amandla asuka kwesobunxele aye kwesokudla asetshenziswa kumongo we-valve ukuwuhambisa kwesokudla, khona-ke u-P no-B axhunyiwe, u-A no-T axhunyiwe, futhi i-piston iya kwesokunxele.

Ngokusho kwezindlela ezihlukene zokunyakaza ze-valve core, i-valve ehlehlayo ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwe-valve yesilayidi kanye nohlobo lwe-valve ejikelezayo. Phakathi kwazo, i-valve ye-valve yohlobo lwama-slide isetshenziswa kakhulu. I-valve yesilayidi ihlukaniswe ngokwenani lezindawo zokusebenza ze-valve core emzimbeni we-valve kanye nephaseji yembobo kawoyela elawulwa yi-valve ehlehlayo. I-valve ehlehlayo inezimo ezimbili-indlela-mbili, izikhundla ezimbili-indlela emithathu, i-two-position-way four-way, i-two-position ye-five way nezinye izinhlobo. , bheka iThebula 8-4. Inombolo ehlukene yezikhundla kanye nokudlula kubangelwa inhlanganisela ehlukene yemisele engaphansi emzimbeni wevalvu kanye namahlombe kumongo wevalvu.

Ngokwendlela yokulawula i-spool, ama-valve aqondisayo ahlanganisa izinhlobo ze-manual, motorized, zikagesi, i-hydraulic kanye ne-electro-hydraulic.

I-valve yokucindezela

Ama-valve okucindezela asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukucindezelwa kwesistimu ye-hydraulic, noma asebenzise izinguquko zokucindezela ohlelweni ukuze alawule isenzo sezingxenye ezithile ze-hydraulic. Ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukile, ama-valve okucindezela ahlukaniswe abe ama-valve okusiza, ama-valve okunciphisa ingcindezi, ama-valve alandelanayo kanye ne-pressure relays.

(1) I-valve yokukhulula

I-valve yokuchichima igcina ingcindezi eqhubekayo ohlelweni olulawulwayo noma isifunda ngokusebenzisa ukuchichima kwembobo ye-valve, ngaleyo ndlela ifeze imisebenzi yokuqiniswa kwengcindezi, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi noma ukukhawulela ingcindezi. Ngokomgomo wayo wesakhiwo, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo olusebenza ngokuqondile kanye nohlobo lomshayeli.

(2) Amavalvu Okulawula Ukucindezela

I-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa kanye nokuzinzisa ingcindezi, ukunciphisa ukucindezela kukawoyela ongenile okuphezulu kungcindezi kawoyela ephumayo ephansi futhi ezinzile.

Isimiso sokusebenza se-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi ukuthembela kumafutha okucindezela ukunciphisa ingcindezi ngegebe (ukumelana noketshezi), ukuze ukucindezela kwe-outlet kuphansi kunokucindezela kokungena, futhi ukucindezela kokuphuma kugcinwa ngenani elithile. Igebe elincane, likhulu ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi, futhi kunamandla umphumela wokunciphisa ingcindezi.

Izimiso zesakhiwo nezimpawu zamavalvu okwehlisa ingcindezi asebenza ngomshayeli. Amafutha okucindezela anokucindezela kwe-p1 ageleza asuka endaweni yokungena kawoyela A yevalvu. Ngemuva kokuwohloka ngegebe δ, ingcindezi yehlela ku-p2, bese igeleza iphuma endaweni yokukhipha uwoyela B. Lapho ingcindezi yokuphuma kawoyela i-p2 inkulu kunokucindezela kokulungisa, i-valve ye-poppet iphushwa ivuleke, futhi ingxenye yokucindezela ku- Igumbi likawoyela ekugcineni kwesokudla kwevalvu yesilayidi eyinhloko igelezela ethangini likawoyela ngembobo ye-poppet valve kanye nembobo engu-Y yembobo yokukhipha amanzi. Ngenxa yomphumela wembobo encane yokudambisa engu-R ngaphakathi komgogodla oyinhloko we-valve yesilayidi, ingcindezi kawoyela egumbini likawoyela ekugcineni kwe-valve yesilayidi iyancipha, futhi umgogodla we-valve ulahlekelwa ibhalansi bese uya kwesokudla. Ngakho-ke, igebe δ liyancipha, umphumela wokunciphisa uyanda, futhi ingcindezi yokuphuma i-p2 iyancipha. kunani elilungisiwe. Leli nani lingaphinda lilungiswe kusetshenziswa isikulufu sokulungisa ingcindezi ephezulu.

I-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi esebenza ngokuqondile

(3) Amavalvu Okulawula Ukugeleza

I-valve yokugeleza isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawula isivinini sesistimu ye-hydraulic. Ama-valve okugeleza asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ama-throttle valves nama-valve okulawula isivinini.

I-valve yokugeleza iyingxenye yokulawula isivinini ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic. Isimiso sayo sokulawula isivinini sincike ekuguquleni usayizi wendawo yokugeleza yembobo ye-valve noma ubude bomzila wokugeleza ukuze ushintshe ukumelana noketshezi, ulawule ukugeleza ngevalvu, futhi ulungise i-actuator (isilinda noma injini). ) inhloso yesivinini sokunyakaza.

1) I-valve ye-throttle

Umumo we-orifice osetshenziswa kakhulu wamavalvu e-throttle ajwayelekile anjengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-valve yenaliti, uhlobo lwe-eccentric, uhlobo lwe-axial triangular groove, njll.

I-valve ye-throttle evamile isebenzisa ukuvuleka kwe-axial triangular groove uhlobo lwe-throttle. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-valve core igcizelelwe ngokulinganayo, inokuqina okuhle kokugeleza futhi akulula ukuvinjelwa. Uwoyela ocindezelayo ugeleza usuka endaweni yokungena kawoyela u-p1, ungena embotsheni a ngembobo engu-b kanye nomsele odonsayo ekugcineni we-valve core 1, bese ugeleza uphuma endaweni yokukhipha uwoyela u-p2. Lapho ulungisa izinga lokugeleza, zungezisa ingcindezi elawula nati 3 ukuze uhambise induku yokusunduza 2 eduze kwe-axial direction. Lapho i-push rod iya kwesokunxele, i-valve core iya kwesokudla ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla asentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-orifice ivuleka kakhulu futhi izinga lokugeleza liyakhula. Uma uwoyela udlula ku-throttle valve, kuzoba nokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi △p=p1-p2, okuzoshintsha nomthwalo, kubangele izinguquko kuzinga lokugeleza ngembobo ye-throttle futhi kuthinte isivinini sokulawula. Ama-valve e-throttle avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-hydraulic lapho izinguquko zomthwalo kanye nezinga lokushisa zincane noma izidingo zokuzinza kwesivinini ziphansi.

2) I-valve yokulawula isivinini

I-valve elawula isivinini yakhiwe ngomehluko ogxilile wokunciphisa i-valve kanye ne-throttle valve exhunywe ochungechungeni. I-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi eguquguqukayo ingagcina ngokuzenzakalelayo umehluko wengcindezi ngaphambi nangemva kwe-valve ye-throttle ingashintshiwe, ukuze umehluko wengcindezi ngaphambi nangemva kwe-valve ye-throttle ungathinteki umthwalo, ngaleyo ndlela udlulise i-valve ye-throttle Izinga lokugeleza ngokuyisisekelo liyi-fixed. inani.

I-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi engu-1 kanye ne-throttle valve 2 ixhunywe ochungechungeni phakathi kwepompo ye-hydraulic kanye ne-cylinder ye-hydraulic. Uwoyela ocindezelayo ophuma empompini ye-hydraulic (ingcindezi ingu-pp), ngemva kokucindezelwa ngegebe lokuvula ku-valve groove yokunciphisa ukucindezela, ageleza ku-groove b, bese ukucindezela kwehlela ku-p1. Khona-ke, igeleza ku-cylinder ye-hydraulic ngokusebenzisa i-valve ye-throttle, futhi ingcindezi yehlela ku-p2. Ngaphansi kwalokhu kucindezela, i-piston iya kwesokudla ngokumelene nomthwalo F. Uma umthwalo ungazinzile, lapho i-F inyuka, i-p2 nayo izokhula, futhi umgogodla we-valve we-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi uzolahlekelwa ibhalansi futhi uhambe kwesokudla, okubangela ukuvula igebe ku-slot a ukwandisa, umphumela wokuwohloka uzoba buthaka, futhi i-p1 nayo izokhula. Ngakho-ke, umehluko wengcindezi Δp = pl-p2 uhlala ungashintshiwe, futhi izinga lokugeleza elingena ku-cylinder ye-hydraulic ngokusebenzisa i-throttle valve nalo lihlala lingashintshiwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho i-F iyancipha, i-p2 nayo iyancipha, futhi umgogodla we-valve we-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi uzolahlekelwa ibhalansi futhi uhambe kwesokunxele, ukuze igebe lokuvula ku-slot a linciphe, umphumela wokuwohloka uyathuthukiswa, futhi i-p1 nayo iyancipha. , ngakho-ke umehluko wengcindezi △p=p1-p2 uhlala ungashintshiwe, futhi izinga lokugeleza elingena ku-hydraulic cylinder nge-throttle valve nalo lihlala lingashintshile.