Iivalvu zolawulo lwe-hydraulic zisetyenziselwa ukulawula uxinzelelo, ukuhamba kunye nokuhamba kwendlela ye-oyile kwisixokelelwano soxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic ukuze ukutyhala, isantya kunye nesalathiso sentshukumo ye-activator ihlangabezane neemfuno. Ngokwemisebenzi yabo, iivalve zokulawula i-hydraulic zihlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu: i-valve ye-directional, i-valve yoxinzelelo kunye ne-flow valves.

Ivalve yolawulo lwendlela

Ivalve ye-Directional yivalve esetyenziselwa ukulawula icala le-oyile eya ngakulo. Yahlulwe ibe ivelufa yendlela enye kunye nevalve yokubuyisela umva ngokohlobo.

Iindidi zeevalvu zokulawula zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

(1) Ivalve yendlela enye (ivalve yokukhangela)

Ivalve yendlela enye yivalve yendlela elawula ukuhamba kweoyile kwicala elinye kwaye ayikuvumeli ukubuya umva. Yahlulahlulwe ngohlobo lwevalve yebhola kunye nohlobo lwevalve yepoppet ngokwesiseko sevalve, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8-17.

Umzobo 8-18(b) ubonisa ivalve yokujonga i-poppet. Imeko yokuqala yevalve kukuba i-valve core icinezelwe kancinci kwisitulo sevalve phantsi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo. Ngexesha lokusebenza, njengoko uxinzelelo kwi-oyile yokungena kwi-P inyuka, yoyisa uxinzelelo lwasentwasahlobo kwaye iphakamisa i-valve core, ibangela ukuba ivalve ivule kwaye idibanise isekethe yeoli, ukuze ioyile ingene isuka kwindawo yokungena yeoli kwaye iphume iphuma indawo yokukhupha ioli. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, xa uxinzelelo lwe-oyile kwindawo yokukhupha ioyile luphezulu kunoxinzelelo lweoyile kwindawo yokungena yeoli, uxinzelelo lweoyile lucinezela umbindi wevalvu ngokuqinileyo kwisitulo sevalve, luvalela indlela yeoli. Umsebenzi wentwasahlobo kukunceda i-backflow oil hydraulically qinisa i-valve port xa i-valve ivaliwe ukuqinisa isitywina.

(2) Ivalve yolwalathiso

I-valve yokubuyisela isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha indlela yokuhamba kweoli ukuze utshintshe indlela yokuhamba kwendlela yokusebenza. Isebenzisa i-valve core ukuhamba ngokumalunga nomzimba we-valve ukuvula okanye ukuvala i-oyile ehambelanayo, ngaloo ndlela itshintsha imeko yokusebenza ye-hydraulic system. Xa undoqo wevalve kunye nomzimba wevalve ukwindawo ehambelanayo eboniswe kuMfanekiso 8-19, amagumbi amabini ecylinder yehydraulic avaliwe kuxinzelelo lweoyile kwaye akwimo yokuvala. Ukuba amandla asuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo asetyenziswa kwisiseko sevalve ukuyihambisa ngakwesobunxele, izibuko zeoyile P kunye no-A kumzimba wevalvu ziqhagamshelwe, kwaye i-B kunye ne-T ixhunyiwe. Ioli yoxinzelelo ingena kwigumbi lasekhohlo le-hydraulic cylinder nge-P kunye ne-A, kwaye i-piston ihamba ngasekunene; Ioyile ekumngxuma ibuyela kwitanki yeoli ngo-B no-T.

Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba amandla asuka kwesobunxele aye ekunene asetyenziswa kwisiseko sevalve ukuyihambisa ngasekunene, emva koko i-P kunye ne-B ixhunyiwe, i-A kunye ne-T ixhunyiwe, kwaye i-piston iya ngakwesobunxele.

Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokushukuma zesiseko sevalve, ivalve yokubuyisela umva inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lwevalve yesilayidi kunye nohlobo lwevalve ejikelezayo. Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwevalve yesilayidi lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ivalve yesilayidi yahlulwe ngokwenani leendawo zokusebenza zondoqo wevalve kumzimba wevalvu kunye ne-oyile port passage elawulwa yivalve ebuyela umva. Ivalve yokubuyisela umva ineendlela ezimbini-indlela ezimbini, ezimbini-indawo ezintathu-indlela, ezimbini-indawo ezine-indlela ezine, izikhundla ezimbini-ezintlanu kunye nezinye iintlobo. , bona iThebhile 8-4. Inani elahlukileyo lezikhundla kunye nokudlula kubangelwa yintlanganisela eyahlukileyo ye-undercut grooves kumzimba wevalve kunye namagxa kumbindi wevalve.

Ngokwendlela yokulawula i-spool, i-valve ekhokelayo ibandakanya i-manual, i-motorized, i-electric, i-hydraulic kunye neentlobo ze-electro-hydraulic.

Ivalve yoxinzelelo

Iivalve zoxinzelelo zisetyenziselwa ukulawula uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ye-hydraulic, okanye sebenzisa utshintsho kuxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokulawula isenzo samacandelo athile oxinzelelo. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, iivalvu zoxinzelelo zohlulwe zibe ziivalvu zokunceda, iivalve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, iivalve zolandelelwano kunye noxinzelelo lokuhambisa.

(1) Ivalve yokukhulula

I-valve yokuphuphuma igcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwinkqubo elawulwayo okanye isekethe ngokugqithiswa kwe-valve port, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa imisebenzi yokuqina koxinzelelo, ukulawulwa koxinzelelo okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo. Ngokomgaqo wayo wesakhiwo, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo olusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye nohlobo lomqhubi.

(2) IiValuvu zoLawulo loxinzelelo

Ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa kunye nokuzinzisa uxinzelelo, ukunciphisa i-oyile ephezulu yokungena kwi-oyile ephantsi kunye nezinzile.

Umgaqo osebenzayo we-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kukuthembela kwioli yoxinzelelo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo nge-gap (ukuchasana kolwelo), ukwenzela ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-outlet luphantsi kunoxinzelelo lwe-inlet, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-outlet lugcinwe kwixabiso elithile. I-gap encinci, inkulu ilahleko yoxinzelelo, kwaye inamandla impembelelo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Imigaqo yolwakhiwo kunye neesimboli zevalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo oluqhutywa ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya. I-oyile yoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-p1 ingena kwi-oil inlet A yevalve. Emva koxinzelelo nge-gap δ, uxinzelelo lwehla ukuya kwi-p2, kwaye luphuma luphuma kwi-oyile ye-oyile B. Xa i-oyile ye-oyile ikhupha i-p2 inkulu kunoxinzelelo lohlengahlengiso, i-valve ye-poppet ityhilwa ivuleke, kunye nenxalenye yoxinzelelo kwi-oyile. igumbi le-oyile kwicala lasekunene levalve yesilayidi engundoqo iqukuqelela kwitanki yeoli ngokuvula ivalve yepoppet kunye nomngxuma ongu-Y womngxuma wokuhambisa amanzi. Ngenxa yesiphumo somngxuma omncinci wokudambisa u-R ngaphakathi kwengundoqo yevalve yesilayidi, uxinzelelo lweoyile kwigumbi le-oyile kwicala lasekunene levalve yesilayidi liyancipha, kwaye i-valve core ilahlekelwa yibhalansi kwaye ihambela ngasekunene. Ngoko ke, i-gap δ iyancipha, i-decompression effect iyanda, kwaye i-outlet pressure p2 iyancipha. kwixabiso elilungisiweyo. Eli xabiso lisenokuhlengahlengiswa ngokusebenzisa isikrufu soxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo olusebenza ngokuthe ngqo

(3) Iivalvu zoLawulo lokuHamba

Ivalve yokuqukuqela isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kolwelo kwi-hydraulic system ukufikelela kulawulo lwesantya se-hydraulic system. Iivalvu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka iivalve ze-throttle kunye ne-speed regulating valves.

Ivalve yokuqukuqela licandelo lokulawula isantya kwinkqubo yolwelo lwamanzi. Umgaqo wayo wokulawula isantya uxhomekeke ekutshintsheni ubungakanani bendawo yokuhamba kwe-valve port okanye ubude bomzila wokuhamba ukuguqula ukuchasana kwamanzi, ukulawula ukuhamba nge-valve, kunye nokulungelelanisa i-actuator (i-cylinder okanye i-motor). ) injongo yesantya sentshukumo.

1) Ivalve ye-throttle

Iimilo ze-orifice ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zeevalvu ze-throttle eziqhelekileyo ziboniswe kumzobo, kubandakanywa uhlobo lwevalve yenaliti, uhlobo lwe-eccentric, uhlobo lwe-axial triangular groove, njl.

Ivalve ye-throttle eqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-axial triangular groove uhlobo lwe-throttle open. Ngethuba lokusebenza, i-valve core igxininiswe ngokulinganayo, inozinzo oluhle lokuhamba kwaye akulula ukuvalelwa. I-oyile yoxinzelelo iyangena isuka kwi-oyile yokungena p1, ingene kumngxuma u-a ngomngxuma u-b kunye negroove egobhozayo kwicala lasekhohlo levalve core 1, ize iphume iphuma kwindawo yokuphuma yeoli p2. Xa ulungisa izinga lokuhamba, jikelisa uxinzelelo olulawula i-nut 3 ukuhambisa intonga yokutyhala i-2 ecaleni kwendlela ye-axial. Xa intonga yokutyhala ihambela ngakwesobunxele, i-valve core iya ngasekunene phantsi kwesenzo samandla entwasahlobo. Ngeli xesha, i-orifice ivula ngokubanzi kwaye izinga lokuhamba liyenyuka. Xa ioli idlula kwi-valve ye-throttle, kuya kubakho ukulahleka koxinzelelo △p=p1-p2, okuya kutshintsha kunye nomthwalo, obangela utshintsho kwisantya sokuhamba nge-throttle port kunye nokuchaphazela isantya sokulawula. Iivalve ze-Throttle zihlala zisetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic apho umthwalo kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kuncinci okanye iimfuno zokuzinza kwesantya ziphantsi.

2) Ivalve yokulawula isantya

Ivalve yokulawula isantya yenziwe ngumahluko osisigxina wokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nevalve ye-throttle edityaniswe kuthotho. Umahluko osisigxina we-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo unokugcina ngokuzenzekelayo umahluko woxinzelelo ngaphambi nangemva kokuba i-valve ye-throttle ingatshintshwanga, ukwenzela ukuba umahluko woxinzelelo ngaphambi nangemva kokuba i-valve ye-throttle ingachaphazeleki ngumthwalo, ngaloo ndlela idlula i-valve ye-throttle Isantya sokuhamba ngokusisiseko sisisigxina. ixabiso.

I-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-1 kunye ne-valve ye-throttle 2 ixhunyiwe kwi-series phakathi kwepompo ye-hydraulic kunye ne-cylinder ye-hydraulic. I-oyile yoxinzelelo evela kwimpompo ye-hydraulic (uxinzelelo lwe-pp), emva kokuthotywa kwe-gap yokuvula kwi-valve yokunciphisa i-valve groove a, igeleza kwi-groove b, kwaye uxinzelelo lwehla ukuya kwi-p1. Emva koko, igeleza kwi-cylinder ye-hydraulic ngevalve ye-throttle, kwaye uxinzelelo lwehla ukuya kwi-p2. Ngaphantsi kolu xinzelelo, i-piston ihamba ngasekunene ngokuchasene nomthwalo F. Ukuba umthwalo awuzinzile, xa i-F inyuka, i-p2 nayo iya kwanda, kwaye i-valve core ye-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo iya kulahlekelwa ibhalansi kwaye ihambe ngasekunene, ibangele i-gap yokuvula kwi-slot a ukwandisa, i-decompression effect iya kuba buthathaka, kwaye i-p1 nayo iya kwanda. Ngoko ke, umehluko wengcinezelo Δp = pl-p2 uhlala ungatshintshi, kwaye izinga lokuhamba lingena kwi-cylinder ye-hydraulic nge-valve ye-throttle nayo ihlala ingatshintshi. Ngokuchasene noko, xa i-F iyancipha, i-p2 nayo iyancipha, kwaye isiseko sevalve yevalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo iya kulahleka ibhalansi kwaye ihambe iye ekhohlo, ukuze isithuba sokuvula kwindawo ye-slot siyehla, umphumo wokudambisa uyaphuculwa, kwaye i-p1 nayo iyancipha. , ngoko ke umahluko woxinzelelo △p=p1-p2 uhlala ungatshintshi, kunye nesantya sokuhamba esingena kwi-cylinder ye-hydraulic ngevalve ye-throttle nayo ihlala ingatshintshi.