Hydraulic control mavharuvhu anoshandiswa kudzora kudzvanywa, kuyerera uye kuyerera kwemafuta muiyo hydraulic system kuitira kuti kusunda, kumhanya uye mafambiro ekufambisa kweiyo actuator kusangana nezvinodiwa. Zvinoenderana nemabasa avo, hydraulic control mavharuvhu akakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: anotungamira mavharuvhu, anomanikidza mavharuvhu uye anoyerera mavharuvhu.

Directional control valve

Directional valve ivharuvhu inoshandiswa kudzora mafambiro emafuta ekuyerera. Iyo yakakamurwa kuva imwe-nzira vharafu uye reversing valve maererano nemhando.

Mhando dzekutungamira mavharuvhu ekudzora ndeaya anotevera:

(1) Imwe-nzira vharafu (cheki vharafu)

Ivhavha yenzira imwe ivhavha inotungamira iyo inodzora kuyerera kwemafuta mune imwe nzira uye isingabvumiri kutenderera kuyerera. Iyo yakakamurwa kuita bhora vharafu mhando uye poppet valve rudzi zvinoenderana neiyo valve core chimiro, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 8-17.

Mufananidzo 8-18(b) inoratidza poppet cheki valve. Mamiriro ekutanga evhavha ndeyekuti chivharo chevhavha chinenge chakatsikirirwa pachigaro chevhavha pasi pechiito chechirimo. Panguva yekushanda, sezvo kudzvanywa kwemafuta ekupinza P kunowedzera, inokunda kudzvanywa kwechirimo uye inosimudza vheji yepakati, zvichiita kuti valve ivhure uye ibatanidze dunhu reoiri, kuitira kuti mafuta apinde mukati kubva mugomba remafuta uye abude kubva mumhepo. pombi yemafuta. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kudzvinyirirwa kweoiri panzvimbo yekubuda kweoiri kwakakwira kupfuura kudzvanywa kweoiri painopinza mafuta, kudzvanya kwemafuta kunotsikirira musimboti wevharuvhu zvakasimba pachigaro chevhavha, ichivharira nzira yemafuta. Basa rechitubu nderokubatsira mafuta ekudzokera shure hydraulically simbisa chiteshi chevhavha kana vharafu yakavharwa kusimbisa chisimbiso.

(2) Directional valve

Ivhavha inoshandura inoshandiswa kushandura nzira yekuyerera kwemafuta kushandura nzira yekufambisa yekushanda kwekushanda. Iyo inoshandisa iyo yepakati yevhavha kufamba inoenderana nemuviri wevharuvhu kuvhura kana kuvhara iyo inofananidzwa neoiri dunhu, nekudaro ichishandura mamiriro ekushanda eiyo hydraulic system. Kana iyo yepakati yevharuvhu nemuviri wevharuvhu iri munzvimbo ine hukama inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 8-19, makamuri maviri ehydraulic cylinder akavharirwa kubva kumafuta ekumanikidza uye ari munzvimbo yekudzima. Kana simba kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe rinoshandiswa kuvhavha yepakati kuti iende kuruboshwe, zviteshi zvemafuta P uye A pamutumbi wevharuvhu zvakabatana, uye B uye T zvakabatana. Mafuta ekumanikidza anopinda mukamuri yekuruboshwe ye hydraulic cylinder kuburikidza neP uye A, uye piston inofamba ichienda kurudyi; Mafuta ari mugomba anodzokera kutangi remafuta kuburikidza neB uye T.

Pane zvinopesana, kana simba kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi rinoshandiswa kuvhavha yepakati kuti iende kurudyi, ipapo P uye B zvakabatana, A uye T zvakabatana, uye piston inofamba kuruboshwe.

Zvinoenderana neakasiyana mafambiro evhavha core, iyo inodzosera valve inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: slide valve mhando uye rotary valve mhando. Pakati pavo, slide valve type reversing valve inonyanya kushandiswa. Iyo slide valve yakakamurwa zvichienderana nenhamba yenzvimbo dzekushanda dzevhavha core mumuviri wevharuvhu uye chiteshi chemafuta chinodzorwa nevhavha inodzosera. Ivhavha inodzosera ine mbiri-nzvimbo mbiri-nzira, mbiri-nzvimbo nhatu-nzira, mbiri-nzvimbo ina-nzira, mbiri-nzvimbo shanu-nzira uye mamwe marudzi. , ona Tafura 8-4. Nhamba dzakasiyana dzezvinzvimbo uye dzinopfuura dzinokonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwakasiyana kweiyo undercut grooves pamuviri wevharuvhu uye mapfudzi ari pavharuvhu core.

Zvinoenderana neiyo spool control nzira, inotungamira mavharuvhu anosanganisira manyorero, mota, magetsi, hydraulic uye electro-hydraulic marudzi.

Pressure valve

Mavharuvhu ekumanikidza anoshandiswa kudzora kudzvanywa kweiyo hydraulic system, kana kushandisa shanduko mukumanikidza muhurongwa kudzora kuita kwezvimwe zvikamu zve hydraulic. Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwakasiyana, mavharuvhu ekumanikidza akakamurwa kuita mavharuvhu ekuyamura, mavharuvhu ekudzikisa mavharuvhu, kutevedzana mavharuvhu uye kumhanyisa relay.

(1) Vhuru yekuyamura

Ivhavha inoputika inochengetedza nguva dzose kumanikidzika muhurongwa hunodzorwa kana dunhu kuburikidza nekuputika kwevhavha yevhavha, zvichiita kuti iite mabasa ekumanikidza kugadzikana, kudzvinyirira mutemo kana kudzvinyirira kuderedza. Zvinoenderana neyakagadzika musimboti, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: yakananga-kuita mhando uye mutyairi mhando.

(2) Kudzora Mavharuvhu

Iyo yekumanikidza yekudzikisa vharafu inogona kushandiswa kudzikisa uye kudzikamisa kudzvanywa, kudzikisa yakakwira inlet mafuta kudzvanywa kune yakaderera uye yakagadzikana yekubuda kwemafuta kumanikidza.

Nheyo yekushanda yevhavha yekudzvinyirira ndeyekuvimba neoiri yekumanikidza kuderedza kudzvanywa kuburikidza negap (kupokana kwemvura), kuitira kuti iyo yekubuda mumhepo yakaderera pane inlet kudzvanywa, uye kudzvanywa kwekubuda kunochengetwa pane imwe kukosha. Iyo diki gap, iyo yakakura kurasikirwa kwekumanikidza, uye kusimba kwesimba rekudzikisa mhedzisiro.

Misimboti yezvimiro uye zviratidzo zvepilot-inoshanda kumanikidza kuderedza mavharuvhu. Oiri yekumanikidza ine dzvinyiriro yep1 inoyerera ichipinda kubva muoiri inopinza A yevhavha. Mushure mekuderera kuburikidza nepakati δ, kudzvinyirira kunodonha kusvika p2, uye kunoyerera kubva pamafuta ekubuda kwemafuta B. Apo mafuta ekubuda kwemafuta p2 yakakura kudarika kugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa, valve yepoppet inosundirwa yakazaruka, uye chikamu chekumanikidzwa mumhepo. kamuri yemafuta kumucheto kwekurudyi kwevharuvhu inotsvedza inoyerera ichipinda mutangi remafuta kuburikidza nekuvhurwa kwevharuvhu yepoppet uye Y hole yegomba rekudonhedza. Nekuda kwekuita kwegomba diki rekunyorovesa R mukati meiyo main slide valve core, kudzvanywa kwemafuta mukamuri yeoiri kumucheto wekurudyi kwevhavhavha inoderera, uye vheji yevharuvhu inorasikirwa nechiyero uye inoenda kurudyi. Naizvozvo, iyo gap δ inoderera, iyo decompression mhedzisiro inowedzera, uye yekubuda pressure p2 inoderera. kune yakagadziriswa kukosha. Ukoshi uhwu hunogonawo kugadziridzwa kuburikidza neyepamusoro pressure kugadzirisa screw.

Direct acting pressure yekudzikisa vharafu

(3) Kuyerera Kudzora Mavharuvhu

Ivhavha inoyerera inoshandiswa kudzora kuyerera kwemvura mu hydraulic system kuti iwane kukurumidza kutonga kweiyo hydraulic system. Inowanzo shandiswa kuyerera mavharuvhu anosanganisira throttle mavharuvhu uye kukurumidza regulating mavharuvhu.

Ivhavhavha inoyerera inhengo yekukurumidza inodzora muhydraulic system. Iyo yekumhanyisa inotonga nheyo inotsamira pakuchinja saizi yenzvimbo yekuyerera yevhavha chiteshi kana kureba kweiyo nzira yekuyerera kushandura kupikisa kwemvura, kudzora kuyerera kuburikidza nevhavha, uye kugadzirisa actuator (cylinder kana mota). ) chinangwa chekukurumidza kufamba.

1) Throttle valve

Iwo anowanzo shandiswa orifice maumbirwo eakajairwa throttle mavharuvhu anoratidzwa mumufananidzo, kusanganisira tsono valve mhando, eccentric mhando, axial triangular groove mhando, nezvimwe.

Yakajairika throttle valve inotora axial triangular groove rudzi rwekuvhurika. Panguva yekushanda, nheyo yevhavha inosimbiswa zvakaenzana, ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekuyerera uye haisi nyore kuvharwa. Oiri yekumanikidza inoyerera ichipinda kubva muoiri inopinza p1, inopinda mugomba a kuburikidza negomba b uye throttling groove kumucheto wekuruboshwe wevhavha core 1, yobva yayerera ichibuda kubva muoiri yekubuda p2. Paunenge uchigadzirisa chiyero chekuyerera, tenderedza kudzvanywa kunoronga nati 3 kufambisa iyo yekusundira tsvimbo 2 pamwe neaxial direction. Kana iyo yekusundidzira inofamba ichienda kuruboshwe, iyo yevhavha inoenda kurudyi pasi pekuita kwesimba rechirimo. Panguva ino, orifice inovhura yakafara uye kuyerera kunowedzera. Kana mafuta achipfuura nepakati pevhavhavha, pachava nekurasikirwa kwekumanikidza △p = p1-p2, iyo ichachinja nemutoro, zvichikonzera kuchinja kwehuwandu hwekuyerera kuburikidza ne throttle port uye kukanganisa kukurumidza kwekutonga. Throttle mavharuvhu anowanzo shandiswa mu hydraulic masisitimu uko mutoro uye tembiricha shanduko idiki kana kukurumidza kugadzikana zvinodiwa zvakaderera.

2) Speed ​​​​inogadzirisa valve

Iyo yekumhanyisa inodzora vharuvhu inoumbwa neyakagadzika mutsauko kudzvinyirira kudzikisa valve uye throttle valve yakabatana munhevedzano. Iyo yakagadziriswa mutsauko kudzvanywa kwevhavhavha inogona kuchengetedza otomatiki mutsauko wekumanikidza pamberi uye mushure meiyo throttle valve isina kuchinjika, kuitira kuti mutsauko wekumanikidza pamberi uye mushure meiyo throttle valve usakanganiswa nemutoro, nekudaro ichipfuura throttle valve Kuyerera kweyero kunonyanya kugadziriswa. value.

Iyo yekumanikidza yekudzikisa valve 1 uye iyo throttle valve 2 yakabatana mumutsara pakati pe hydraulic pombi uye hydraulic cylinder. Oiri yekumanikidza kubva pa hydraulic pombi (kudzvanywa iri pp), mushure mekudzikiswa kuburikidza nekuvhura gap pakumanikidza kudzikisa valve groove a, inoyerera ichipinda mu groove b, uye dzvinyiriro inodonha kusvika p1. Zvadaro, inoyerera ichipinda mu hydraulic cylinder kuburikidza ne throttle valve, uye kudzvinyirira kunodonha kusvika p2. Pasi pekumanikidzwa uku, piston inofamba ichienda kurudyi inopesana nemutoro F. Kana mutoro wacho usina kugadzikana, kana F ichiwedzera, p2 ichawedzerawo, uye nheyo yevhavha yevhavha yekuderedza kuderedza icharasikirwa nekuenzanisa uye kuenda kurudyi, zvichiita kuti kuvhura gap pane slot a kuwedzera, iyo decompression mhedzisiro inopera simba, uye p1 ichawedzerawo. Nokudaro, kusiyana kwepakati Δp = pl-p2 inoramba isingashanduki, uye kuyerera kwemvura kunopinda mu hydraulic cylinder kuburikidza nevhavha yevhavha inoramba isingachinji. Kusiyana neizvi, kana F inodzikira, p2 inodzikirawo, uye iyo yevhavha yevhavha yekumanikidza yekudzikisa vharavha inorasikirwa nechiyero uye ichienda kuruboshwe, kuitira kuti gaka rekuvhura paslot rinodzikira, decompression mhedzisiro inowedzerwa, uye p1 zvakare inoderera. , saka mutsauko wekumanikidza △p = p1-p2 inoramba isingachinji, uye chiyero chekuyerera chinopinda mu hydraulic cylinder kuburikidza ne throttle valve zvakare inoramba isingachinji.