Ma valve owongolera ma hydraulic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuthamanga, kuyenda ndi kayendedwe ka mafuta mu hydraulic system kotero kuti kuthamanga, kuthamanga ndi mayendedwe a actuator akwaniritse zofunikira. Malinga ndi ntchito zawo, ma hydraulic control valves amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: ma valve otsogolera, ma valve othamanga ndi ma valve othamanga.

Directional control valve

Directional valve ndi valavu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera momwe mafuta amayendera. Imagawidwa kukhala valavu yanjira imodzi ndi valavu yobwerera kutengera mtundu.

Mitundu ya ma valve owongolera ndi awa:

(1) Valovu yanjira imodzi (onani valavu)

Valavu yanjira imodzi ndi valavu yolunjika yomwe imayendetsa kayendedwe ka mafuta kumbali imodzi ndipo salola kubwerera kumbuyo. Imagawidwa mu mtundu wa valavu ya mpira ndi mtundu wa valavu ya poppet molingana ndi mawonekedwe apakati a valve, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 8-17.

Chithunzi 8-18(b) chikuwonetsa valavu ya poppet. Chikhalidwe choyambirira cha valavu ndi chakuti mphutsi ya valve imakanizidwa mopepuka pampando wa valve pansi pa zochitika za masika. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, pamene kuthamanga kwa mafuta olowera kumalowa P kumawonjezeka, kumagonjetsa kuthamanga kwa kasupe ndikukweza valavu ya valve, kuchititsa kuti valve itsegule ndikugwirizanitsa kayendedwe ka mafuta, kotero kuti mafuta amalowa mkati mwa mafuta olowera ndikutuluka kuchokera mumtsinje. potulutsira mafuta. M'malo mwake, mphamvu ya mafuta pa malo opangira mafuta ikakwera kuposa mphamvu yamafuta pamalo olowera mafuta, kukakamiza kwamafuta kumakankhira pachimake cha valve mwamphamvu kumpando wa valve, kutsekereza njira yamafuta. Ntchito ya kasupe ndikuthandizira mafuta obwerera kumbuyo kwa hydraulically kulimbitsa khomo la valve pamene valve yatsekedwa kuti ilimbikitse chisindikizo.

(2) Valavu yolowera

Valavu yowonongeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha njira yoyendetsera mafuta kuti isinthe kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito. Amagwiritsa ntchito chigawo cha valve kuti asunthire pafupi ndi thupi la valve kuti atsegule kapena kutseka dera lofanana la mafuta, potero amasintha kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka hydraulic. Pamene pakati pa valve ndi thupi la vavu zili pamalo ofananirako omwe akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 8-19, zipinda ziwiri za silinda ya hydraulic zimatsekedwa ku mafuta oponderezedwa ndipo zili m'malo otsekedwa. Ngati mphamvu yochokera kumanja kupita kumanzere ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pachimake cha valve kuti isunthire kumanzere, madoko amafuta P ndi A pa valavu amalumikizidwa, ndipo B ndi T amalumikizidwa. Mafuta opanikizika amalowa m'chipinda chakumanzere cha silinda ya hydraulic kudzera pa P ndi A, ndipo pisitoni imasunthira kumanja; Mafuta omwe ali pabowo amabwerera ku thanki yamafuta kudzera mu B ndi T.

M'malo mwake, ngati mphamvu yochokera kumanzere kupita kumanja ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakatikati pa valve kuti isunthire kumanja, ndiye P ndi B zimagwirizana, A ndi T zimagwirizana, ndipo pisitoni imasunthira kumanzere.

Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya valavu yapakati, valavu yobwerera imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wa slide valve ndi mtundu wa valve rotary. Pakati pawo, valavu yosinthira mtundu wa slide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Valve ya slide imagawidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa malo ogwirira ntchito apakati pa valve mu thupi la valavu ndi gawo la doko la mafuta lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi valavu yobwerera. Valavu yobwerera ili ndi malo awiri-njira ziwiri, ziwiri-njira zitatu, ziwiri-njira inayi, ziwiri-malo asanu njira ndi mitundu ina. , onani Gulu 8-4 . Chiwerengero chosiyana cha malo ndi zodutsa zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kosiyana kwa ma groove otsika pa thupi la valve ndi mapewa pamphuno ya valve.

Malinga ndi njira yowongolera ma spool, ma valve owongolera amaphatikiza mitundu yamanja, mota, magetsi, ma hydraulic ndi electro-hydraulic.

Pressure valve

Ma valve oponderezedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kupanikizika kwa ma hydraulic system, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa mphamvu mu dongosolo kuti athe kulamulira zochita za zigawo zina za hydraulic. Malingana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ma valve opanikizika amagawidwa kukhala ma valve otsitsimula, ma valve ochepetsera kuthamanga, ma valve otsatizana ndi maulendo othamanga.

(1) Vavu yothandiza

Valve yowonjezera imasunga kupanikizika kosalekeza mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kamwemwebumwemwemwemwemwemwebayimwe ngu ngu ngu ngu ngu ngungani kanganiwira Malingana ndi ndondomeko yake, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wochita molunjika ndi woyendetsa ndege.

(2) Mavavu Oletsa Kupanikizika

Valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa ndikukhazikitsa kupanikizika, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwamafuta olowera kumtunda wamafuta otsika komanso okhazikika.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya valve yochepetsera mphamvu ndikudalira mafuta opanikizika kuti achepetse kupanikizika kupyolera mumpata (kukana kwamadzimadzi), kotero kuti kutulutsa mpweya kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi kulowetsedwa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa kutuluka kumasungidwa pamtengo wina. Pang'ono pang'ono kusiyana, kumapangitsanso kutaya mphamvu, komanso mphamvu yochepetsera mphamvu.

Mfundo zamapangidwe ndi zizindikiro za ma valve ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa oyendetsa ndege. Kuponderezana kwa mafuta ndi p1 kumayenda kuchokera ku cholowera chamafuta A cha valve. Pambuyo pakuwonongeka kudzera mumpata δ, kupanikizika kumatsikira ku p2, ndiyeno kumatuluka kuchokera ku mafuta opangira mafuta B. Pamene mafuta opangira mafuta a p2 ali aakulu kuposa kusintha kwa kusintha, valve ya poppet imatsegulidwa, ndipo gawo lina la kupanikizika mu Chipinda chamafuta chakumanja kwa valavu yayikulu imalowera mu thanki yamafuta kudzera potsegula valavu ya poppet ndi dzenje la Y la dzenje lotayira. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya kabowo kakang'ono ka R mkati mwa chigawo chachikulu cha slide valve, kuthamanga kwa mafuta m'chipinda cha mafuta kumapeto kwa slide valve kumachepa, ndipo chigawo cha valve chimataya mphamvu ndikusunthira kumanja. Chifukwa chake, kusiyana kwa δ kumachepa, mphamvu ya decompression imakula, ndipo kuthamanga kwa p2 kumachepa. ku mtengo wosinthidwa. Mtengo uwu ukhoza kusinthidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito screw ya chapamwamba.

Direct acting pressure reduction valve

(3) Ma valve Oyendetsa Mayendedwe

Valve yothamanga imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuthamanga kwamadzi mu hydraulic system kuti ikwaniritse kuthamanga kwa hydraulic system. Ma valve othamanga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ma throttle valves ndi ma valve oyendetsa liwiro.

Valve yothamanga ndi gawo lowongolera liwiro mu hydraulic system. Mfundo yake yoyendetsera liwiro imadalira kusintha kukula kwa malo oyenda pa doko la valavu kapena kutalika kwa njira yotuluka kuti musinthe kukana kwamadzimadzi, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa valve, ndikusintha chowongolera (silinda kapena mota). ) cholinga cha liwiro la kuyenda.

1) Valve yamphamvu

Mawonekedwe a orifice omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amtundu wamba wa throttle valves akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi, kuphatikiza mtundu wa singano, mtundu wa eccentric, mtundu wa axial triangular groove, ndi zina zambiri.

Valavu wamba wamba imatenga axial triangular groove mtundu wa throttle kutsegula. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, chigawo cha valve chimagogomezedwa mofanana, chimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino komanso sikophweka kutsekedwa. Mafuta oponderezedwa amayenda kuchokera ku cholowera chamafuta p1, kulowa mu dzenje a kudzera pabowo b ndi popondera kumapeto kwa valve core 1, kenako ndikutuluka kuchokera kumafuta p2. Mukasintha kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga, tembenuzani kukakamiza kowongolera nati 3 kusuntha ndodo yokankhira 2 motsatira njira ya axial. Pamene ndodo yokankhira ikupita kumanzere, chigawo cha valve chimasunthira kumanja pansi pa mphamvu ya masika. Panthawi imeneyi, orifice amatsegula kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutuluka kumawonjezeka. Mafuta akadutsa mu valve yothamanga, padzakhala kutayika kwa mphamvu △p = p1-p2, zomwe zidzasintha ndi katundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka throttle port ndikukhudza liwiro lolamulira. Ma valve a Throttle nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina a hydraulic pomwe kusintha kwa katundu ndi kutentha kumakhala kochepa kapena zofunikira zokhazikika zothamanga ndizochepa.

2) Valavu yowongolera liwiro

Valavu yowongolera liwiro imapangidwa ndi valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kwapakati komanso valavu yolumikizira yolumikizidwa mndandanda. Kusiyanitsa kosiyana kwa valve yochepetsera kungathe kusunga kusiyana kwapakati pasanayambe komanso pambuyo pa valavu yosasinthika, kotero kuti kusiyana kwapakati pasanayambe komanso pambuyo pa valavu yowonongeka sikukhudzidwa ndi katunduyo, potero kudutsa valavu yothamanga Kuthamanga kumakhala kokhazikika. mtengo.

Valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga 1 ndi valavu ya throttle 2 imalumikizidwa mndandanda pakati pa pampu ya hydraulic ndi silinda ya hydraulic. Mafuta oponderezedwa ochokera pampope ya hydraulic (kupanikizika ndi pp), atatsitsidwa kudzera mumpata wotsegulira pazitsulo zochepetsera valve groove a, amalowa mu poyambira b, ndipo kuthamanga kumatsika mpaka p1. Kenako, imathamangira mu silinda ya hydraulic kudzera mu valavu ya throttle, ndipo kuthamanga kumatsika mpaka p2. Pansi pa kupsyinjika uku, pisitoni imasunthira kumanja motsutsana ndi katundu F. Ngati katunduyo ndi wosakhazikika, pamene F ikuwonjezeka, p2 idzawonjezekanso, ndipo pakati pa valve ya valve yochepetsera mphamvu idzataya mphamvu ndikusunthira kumanja, kuchititsa kutsegula mpata pa slot a kuti achuluke, zotsatira za decompression zidzachepa, ndipo p1 idzawonjezekanso. Choncho, kusiyana kwapakati Δp = pl-p2 sikunasinthe, ndipo kuthamanga kwa hydraulic cylinder kudzera mu valve throttle kumakhalabe kosasintha. M'malo mwake, F ikachepa, p2 imachepanso, ndipo valavu ya valve yochepetsera kuthamanga imataya mphamvu ndikusunthira kumanzere, kotero kuti kusiyana kotsegula pa slot kumachepa, mphamvu ya decompression imakulitsidwa, ndipo p1 imachepanso. , kotero kusiyana kwa kuthamanga △p=p1-p2 kumakhalabe kosasinthika, ndipo kuthamanga kwa hydraulic cylinder kupyolera mu throttle valve kumakhalanso kosasintha.