Zofunikira pakuyika ndi kusamala kwa mapaipi a hydraulic, ma hydraulic components ndi zida zothandizira pama hydraulic system
2023-10-26Kuyika kwa ma hydraulic system, kuphatikiza kuyika mapaipi a hydraulic, hydraulic components, hydraulic components, etc., kwenikweni ndikulumikiza magawo osiyanasiyana kapena zigawo zadongosolo kudzera pa zolumikizira zamadzimadzi (dzina lalikulu la mapaipi amafuta ndi ma joints) kapena ma hydraulic manifolds. kupanga dera. Nkhaniyi ikugawana zofunikira pakuyika ndi kusamala kwa mapaipi a hydraulic, ma hydraulic components, ndi zida zothandizira pama hydraulic system.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a kugwirizana kwa zigawo za hydraulic control, zikhoza kugawidwa mu: Integrated mtundu (mtundu wa hydraulic station); decentralized mtundu. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi iyenera kulumikizidwa kudzera pamadzimadzi.
1.Kukhazikitsa zigawo za hydraulic
Kuyika ndi zofunikira zenizeni zamagulu osiyanasiyana a hydraulic. Zigawo za Hydraulic ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi palafini pakuyika. Zida zonse zama hydraulic ziyenera kuyesedwa ndikusindikiza ntchito. Pambuyo podutsa mayeso, unsembe ukhoza kuyamba. Zida zosiyanasiyana zodziwongolera zokha ziyenera kusinthidwa musanaziike kuti zipewe ngozi zobwera chifukwa cha zolakwika.
Kuyika kwa zigawo za hydraulic makamaka kumatanthauza kuyika ma hydraulic valves, ma hydraulic cylinders, mapampu a hydraulic ndi zida zothandizira.
2. Kuyika ndi zofunikira za ma hydraulic valves
Musanayike zida za hydraulic, zida za hydraulic zosapakidwa ziyenera kuyang'ana kaye chiphaso cha conformity ndikuwunikanso malangizowo. Ngati ndi mankhwala oyenerera omwe ali ndi ndondomeko zonse, ndipo sizinthu zomwe zasungidwa panja kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo zakhala zikuwonongeka mkati, palibe kuyesa kwina komwe kumafunika ndipo sikuvomerezeka. Ikhoza kupasuka ndikusonkhanitsidwa mwachindunji mutatha kuyeretsa.
Ngati vuto likuchitika panthawi yoyesedwa, zigawozo ziyenera kusokonezeka ndikugwirizanitsa pokhapokha ngati chiweruzo chiri cholondola komanso chofunikira. Makamaka kwa zinthu zakunja, kusokoneza mwachisawawa ndi kusonkhana sikuloledwa kupeŵa kukhudza kulondola kwa mankhwala pamene akuchoka ku fakitale.
Samalani zotsatirazi mukakhazikitsa ma hydraulic valves:
1) Mukayika, tcherani khutu ku malo olowera mafuta ndikubwerera ku chigawo chilichonse cha valve.
2) Ngati malo oyika sanatchulidwe, ayenera kuikidwa pamalo omwe ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza. Nthawi zambiri, valavu yowongolera mayendedwe iyenera kuyikidwa ndi axis yopingasa. Mukayika valavu yobwerera kumbuyo, zomangira zinayi ziyenera kumangika mofanana, nthawi zambiri m'magulu a diagonals ndikumangika pang'onopang'ono.
3) Kwa ma valve omwe amaikidwa ndi flanges, zomangira sizingakhale zolimba kwambiri. Kumangitsa kwambiri nthawi zina kungayambitse kusasindikiza bwino. Ngati chisindikizo choyambirira kapena zinthu sizingakwaniritse zofunikira zosindikiza, mawonekedwe kapena zida za chisindikizo ziyenera kusinthidwa.
4) Kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa, ma valve ena nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mabowo awiri omwe ali ndi ntchito yofanana, ndipo osagwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kutsekedwa pambuyo poika.
5) Mavavu omwe amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri amazungulira mozungulira kuti awonjezere kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga; tembenuzani motsatira koloko kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga.
6) Pakuyika, ngati ma valve ena ndi ziwalo zolumikizira sizipezeka, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic valves omwe amathamanga kwambiri kuposa 40% ya kayendedwe kawo.
3. Kuyika ndi zofunikira za silinda ya hydraulic
Kuyika kwa silinda ya hydraulic kuyenera kukhala yodalirika. Sipayenera kukhala mochedwa polumikizira mapaipi, ndipo pamwamba pa silinda ndi malo otsetsereka a pistoni ayenera kukhala ndi kufanana kokwanira ndi perpendicularity.
Samalani zotsatirazi mukakhazikitsa silinda ya hydraulic:
1) Kwa silinda yam'manja yokhala ndi phazi lokhazikika, cholumikizira chake chapakati chiyenera kukhala chokhazikika ndi axis of load force kuti asapangitse mphamvu zam'mbali, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chisindikizo ndi kuwonongeka kwa pistoni. Mukayika hydraulic cylinder ya chinthu chosuntha, sungani silinda yofanana ndi njira yoyendetsera chinthu choyenda panjanji yowongolera.
2) Ikani chosindikizira chosindikizira cha hydraulic cylinder block ndikumangitsa kuti pisitoni isunthike ndikuyandama panthawi ya sitiroko yonse kuti mupewe kukulitsa kwamafuta.
4. Kuyika ndi zofunikira za pampu ya hydraulic
Pampu ya hydraulic ikakonzedwa pa thanki yosiyana, pali njira ziwiri zoyikira: yopingasa komanso yoyima. Kuyika moyima, mapaipi ndi mapampu ali mkati mwa thanki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kutolera kutayikira kwamafuta komanso mawonekedwe ake ndi abwino. Kuyika kopingasa, mapaipi amawululidwa kunja, kupangitsa kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza kukhala kosavuta.
Mapampu a hydraulic nthawi zambiri saloledwa kunyamula katundu wa radial, motero ma mota amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa molunjika kudzera pamalumikizidwe otanuka. Pakuyika, ndikofunikira kuti ma shafts a motor ndi pampu ya hydraulic akhale ndi concentricity yayikulu, kupatuka kwawo kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 0.1mm, ndipo mbali yolowera sikuyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa 1 ° kuti musawonjezere katundu wowonjezera pa shaft pampu. ndi kuyambitsa phokoso.
Pamene lamba kapena magetsi akufunika, pampu ya hydraulic iyenera kuloledwa kuchotsa katundu wa radial ndi axial. Ma hydraulic motors amafanana ndi mapampu. Ma motors ena amaloledwa kunyamula katundu wina wa radial kapena axial, koma sayenera kupitirira mtengo wovomerezeka. Mapampu ena amalola kuti azitha kuyamwa kwambiri. Mapampu ena amanena kuti doko loyamwa mafuta liyenera kukhala lotsika kuposa mafuta, ndipo mapampu ena opanda mphamvu yodzipangira okha amafunikira mpope wowonjezera wowonjezera kuti apereke mafuta.
Samalani zotsatirazi mukakhazikitsa pampu ya hydraulic:
1) Njira yolowera, yotuluka ndi yozungulira ya pampu ya hydraulic iyenera kutsatira zomwe zalembedwa pampopu, ndipo zisalumikizidwe mobwerera.
2) Mukakhazikitsa cholumikizira, musamenye tsinde la mpope mwamphamvu kuti musawononge rotor yapope.
5. Kuyika ndi zofunikira za zigawo zothandizira
Kuphatikiza pa kugwirizana kwamadzimadzi, zigawo zothandizira za hydraulic system zimaphatikizanso zosefera, accumulators, coolers ndi heaters, zipangizo zosindikizira, makina osindikizira, makina osindikizira, ndi zina zotero. Zida zothandizira zimagwira ntchito yothandiza mu hydraulic system, koma sizinganyalanyazidwe. pakukhazikitsa, apo ayi zidzakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a hydraulic system.
Samalani zotsatirazi mukayika zida zothandizira:
1) Kuyika kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe kake ndipo chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku ukhondo ndi kukongola.
2) Gwiritsani ntchito palafini poyeretsa ndi kuyang'ana musanayike.
3) Mukakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga, lingalirani zomasuka kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza momwe mungathere.
